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Effect of Ultrasound and Thermal Pasteurization on Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Juice Extracted from Ripe and Overripe Pineapple  [PDF]
Asraful Alam, Mrityunjoy Biswas, Tanjim Ahmed, Md. Ashrafuzzaman Zahid, Mahfujul Alam, Mustafa Kamrul Hasan, Bikramjit Biswas, Roxana Zaman
Food and Nutrition Sciences (FNS) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/fns.2023.144020
Abstract: It has become necessary to assess how food processing methods affect qualitative qualities due to the increased consumer awareness of the health benefits of various nutrients in food. In the current study, the effects of ultrasound treatment (37°C, 5 min), pasteurization (90°C, 5 min), and their combination on quality parameters, including pH, total soluble solids (TSSs), titratable acidity (TA), color values (L*, a*, b*), ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH), of pineapple juice from ripe and overripe pineapples were assessed. Color values (L*), ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity in all juice samples that were sonicated alone and in combination with pasteurization improved significantly (p < 0.05), but the TSS and color value (a* and b*) decreased in comparison to the control. Whereas pH and acidity did not change significantly (p < 0.05). Pasteurization significantly (p < 0.05) reduces these attributes, but sonicated samples significantly (p < 0.05) improved numerous quality parameters and antioxidant activity, notably in ripe juice. Overall, pasteurization degraded these liquids but sonication, either alone or in combination with it, was
Level of Education in Koch Bihar District, West Bengal (India) - A case study of six Municipal Towns
Bikramjit saha
Golden Research Thoughts , 2012, DOI: 10.9780/22315063
Abstract: Education is one of the ever increasing demands of the modern human society. It helps people to everyday activities, get more out of life to prepare for employment, and adjust towards change. It is an important demographic element and the good indicator of social progress. Basically education is one of the most importance facts of development. Socio-economic developmental condition in any society affect the availability and importance of education, consequently literacy and educational statutes of individual of a society serve as one of the best indicator of quality. Social uplift and down fall depends of upon education. The preview of the present study is to examine the level of education in Koch Bihar- a case study of six Municipal towns. The data has been collected from the Census of India (1951-2001). All data has been calculated by very high, high, moderate, low and very low categories. On the basis of the calculated data it is concluded that the primary, secondary, higher secondary and collegiate institutions have great impact on literacy .There is the maximum pressure in primary education in the municipal towns and the average number of secondary, higher secondary schools and colleges are comparatively low.
Spatial Distribution Of Schedule Caste And Schedule Tribe Population In The Urban Areas Of Koch Bihar District
Bikramjit Saha
Indian Streams Research Journal , 2012,
Abstract: The study of social structure and ethnic composition of the population in the urban areasleads to an understanding the quality of urban development in the Indian context. Eachsectorial group of population with its certain socio- economic traditions and way of lifehas been sharing the urban process in any urban areas in the recent years. Accordingly,the proportion of schedule caste and schedule tribe population living in urban areasprovides and indication of the content and quality of their role in the process ofmodernization and socio economic development. Each of the two types of proportionreferred as its own significance. At the same time both are relevant for an understandingthe process of urbanisation.The present paper attempts to identify and analyze thespatial patterns in the distribution of Schedule caste and scheduled tribe population inthe urban areas of Koch Bihar district.
Occupational Pattern of the Workers in the Urban Areas of Koch Bihar District, West Bengal (India)
Bikramjit Saha
Indian Streams Research Journal , 2012,
Abstract: Economic development is a multi-dimensional process. It is a process of betterment for a large human group and includes economic transformation. The economic development improves the standard of living of people or the habitat. The economic facilities play a catalytic role in the process of development of a region. The pattern of development in the context of economic development refers to a value positive concept, which aims at enhancing the levels of living of people or habitat in a region. Aworker is a person whose main activity is participation in any economically productive work by his physical or mental activity. Work involves not only actual work but effective supervision and direction of work.
Repeated Games for Inter-operator Spectrum Sharing
Bikramjit Singh
Computer Science , 2015,
Abstract: As wireless communication becomes an ever-more evolving and pervasive part of the existing world, system capacity and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning are becoming more critically evident. In order to improve system capacity and QoS, it is mandatory that we pay closer attention to operational bandwidth efficiency issues. We address this issue for two operators' spectrum sharing in the same geographical area. We model and analyze interactions between the competitive operators coexisting in the same frequency band as a strategic noncooperative game, where the operators simultaneously share the spectrum dynamically as per their relative requirement. If resources are allocated in a conventional way (static orthogonal allocation), spectrum utilization becomes inefficient when there is load asymmetry between the operators and low inter-operator interference. Theoretically, operators can share resources in a cooperative manner, but pragmatically they are reluctant to reveal their network information to competitors. By using game theory, we design a distributed implementation, in which self-interested operators play strategies and contend for the spectrum resources in a noncooperative manner. We have proposed two game theoretic approaches in the thesis, one using a virtual carrier price; and the other based on a mutual history of favors. The former approach takes into account a penalty proportional to spectrum usage in its utility function, whereas in the latter, operators play strategies based on their history of interactions, i.e., how well the other behaved in the past. Finally, based on the simulations, we assess the performance of the proposed game theoretic approaches in comparison to existing conventional allocations.
Generation and Detection of Multivariate Regular Variation and Hidden Regular Variation
Bikramjit Das,Sidney Resnick
Mathematics , 2014,
Abstract: We review definitions of multivariate regular variation (MRV) and hidden regular variation (HRV) for distributions of random vectors and then summarize methods for generating models exhibiting both properties. We also discuss diagnostic techniques that detect these properties in multivariate data and indicate when models exhibiting both MRV and HRV are plausible fits for the data. We illustrate our techniques on simulated data and also two real Internet data sets.
Detecting tail behavior: mean excess plots with confidence bounds
Bikramjit Das,Souvik Ghosh
Statistics , 2015,
Abstract: In many practical situations exploratory plots are helpful in understanding tail behavior of sample data. The Mean Excess plot is often applied in practice to understand the right tail behavior of a data set. It is known that if the underlying distribution of a data sample is in the domain of attraction of a Frechet, Gumbel or Weibull distributions then the ME plot of the data tend to a straight line in an appropriate sense, with positive, zero or negative slopes respectively. In this paper we construct confidence intervals around the ME plots which assist us in ascertaining which particular maximum domain of attraction the data set comes from. We recall weak limit results for the Frechet domain of attraction, already obtained in Das and Ghosh (2013) and derive weak limits for the Gumbel and Weibull domains in order to construct confidence bounds. We test our methods on both simulated and real data sets.
Weak limits for exploratory plots in the analysis of extremes
Bikramjit Das,Souvik Ghosh
Statistics , 2010, DOI: 10.3150/11-BEJ401
Abstract: Exploratory data analysis is often used to test the goodness-of-fit of sample observations to specific target distributions. A few such graphical tools have been extensively used to detect subexponential or heavy-tailed behavior in observed data. In this paper we discuss asymptotic limit behavior of two such plotting tools: the quantile-quantile plot and the mean excess plot. The weak consistency of these plots to fixed limit sets in an appropriate topology of $\mathbb{R}^2$ has been shown in Das and Resnick (Stoch. Models 24 (2008) 103-132) and Ghosh and Resnick (Stochastic Process. Appl. 120 (2010) 1492-1517). In this paper we find asymptotic distributional limits for these plots when the underlying distributions have regularly varying right-tails. As an application we construct confidence bounds around the plots which enable us to statistically test whether the underlying distribution is heavy-tailed or not.
Conditioning on an extreme component: Model consistency with regular variation on cones
Bikramjit Das,Sidney I. Resnick
Mathematics , 2008, DOI: 10.3150/10-BEJ271
Abstract: Multivariate extreme value theory assumes a multivariate domain of attraction condition for the distribution of a random vector. This necessitates that each component satisfies a marginal domain of attraction condition. An approximation of the joint distribution of a random vector obtained by conditioning on one of the components being extreme was developed by Heffernan and Tawn [12] and further studied by Heffernan and Resnick [11]. These papers left unresolved the consistency of different models obtained by conditioning on different components being extreme and we here provide clarification of this issue. We also clarify the relationship between these conditional distributions, multivariate extreme value theory and standard regular variation on cones of the form $[0,\infty]\times(0,\infty]$.
Detecting a conditional extrme value model
Bikramjit Das,Sidney I. Resnick
Mathematics , 2009, DOI: 10.1007/s10687-009-0097-3
Abstract: In classical extreme value theory probabilities of extreme events are estimated assuming all the components of a random vector to be in a domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution. In contrast, the conditional extreme value model assumes a domain of attraction condition on a sub-collection of the components of a multivariate random vector. This model has been studied in \cite{heffernan:tawn:2004,heffernan:resnick:2007,das:resnick:2008a}. In this paper we propose three statistics which act as tools to detect this model in a bivariate set-up. In addition, the proposed statistics also help to distinguish between two forms of the limit measure that is obtained in the model.
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